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In the short run it can become a competitive energy source in sectors such as chemicals, mobility, and oil refining, and in the long run it can support the decarbonization effort in hard-to-abate sectors such as energy-intensive manufacturing processes or aviation.
Nowadays, the most commercially developed technology for producing hydrogen is electrolysis.
FGE Italiana Gas is engaged in the design of small production plants employing this process, which to date appears to be the most optimistic route to carbon-free hydrogen production.
Not all hydrogen is equal. Today, global consumption of this fuel amounts to about 75 million tons per year, according to the latest report by the International Energy Agency (International Energy Agency, IEA). However, much of this hydrogen is produced mainly from fossil fuels, and particularly from natural gas, generating large amounts of climate-changing emissions. Hydrogen produced in this way is known as “gray hydrogen.”
The only 100% sustainable and commercially viable hydrogen is known as “green hydrogen,” which is obtained through the electrolysis of water in special electrochemical cells powered by electricity generated from renewable sources.
Hydrogen is the fuel with the highest energy density: 1 kg contains the same energy as 2.4 kg of methane or 2.8 kg of gasoline.
Due to the ease with which electricity can be converted to hydrogen, it proves to be the most efficient energy carrier at our disposal for storing any surplus electricity production from renewable sources.
Hydrogen is widely used in industry, easy to store and also easy to transport, for example in pipelines such as those used for gas.
Hydrogen is the only fuel that, however you use it, in heat engines or fuel cells, does not produce polluting emissions, but simply water.
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